Real School Issues That Negatively Impact Learning

Genuine School Issues That Negatively Impact Learning Schools face a few issues every day that adversely sway understudy learning. Managers and educators make a solid effort to beat these difficulties, however it is frequently troublesome. Despite the methodologies schools actualize, there are a few factors that will probably never be disposed of. In any case, schools must give a valiant effort to limit the effect these issues have while amplifying understudy learning. Teaching understudies is a troublesome test in light of the fact that there are such a large number of normal hindrances that impede learning.â Few out of every odd school will confront the entirety of the difficulties talked about, however most of schools the nation over face more than one of these issues. The general cosmetics of the network encompassing the school significantly affects the school itself. Schools confronting a huge segment of these issues won't see huge inside changes until outside issues are tended to and changed inside the network. A considerable lot of these issues can be regarded as cultural issues, which can be almost unthinkable for schools to survive. Terrible Teachers By far most of instructors are compelling at their specific employment, sandwiched in the middle of the extraordinary educators and the awful instructors. While terrible instructors speak to a little level of teachers, they are regularly the ones who produce the most exposure. For most of instructors, this is baffling in light of the fact that most buckle down each day to guarantee that their understudies get quality training with little pomp. An awful instructor can set an understudy or gathering of understudies back extensively. They can make huge learning holes making the following teacher’s work that a lot harder. An awful instructor can cultivate a climate loaded with discipline issues and tumult setting up an example that is very hard to break. At last and maybe most devastatingly, they can break a student’s certainty and generally confidence. The impacts can be appalling and about difficult to switch. This is the explanation that executives must guarantee that they settle on savvy employing choices. These choices must not be trifled with. Of equivalent significance is the instructor assessment process. Executives must utilize the assessment framework to settle on educated choices while holding educators quite a long time after year. They can't be hesitant to place in the fundamental work required to excuse a terrible instructor who will harm understudies in the region. Order Issues Order issues cause interruptions, and interruptions include and limit learning time. Each time an educator needs to deal with a control issue, she loses significant instructional time. Moreover, each time an understudy is sent to the workplace on a control referral that understudy loses significant guidance time. Any order issue will bring about the loss of guidance time, which restrains a student’s learning potential. Instructors and executives must have the option to limit these disturbances. Instructors can do this by giving an organized learning condition and connecting with understudies in energizing, powerful exercises that enthrall them and shield them from being exhausted. Chairmen must make elegantly composed arrangements that consider understudies responsible. They ought to teach guardians and understudies on these arrangements. Chairmen must be firm, reasonable, and predictable when managing any understudy discipline issue. Absence of Funding Financing significantly affects understudy execution. An absence of financing normally prompts bigger class sizes and less innovation and educational plan materials, and the more understudies an instructor has, the less consideration he can pay to singular understudies. This can become critical when you have a class loaded with 30 to 40 understudies at different scholastic levels. Instructors must be outfitted with connecting with apparatuses covering the measures they are required to educate. Innovation is a colossal scholarly apparatus, yet it is likewise expensive to buy, keep up, and redesign. The educational program when all is said in done ceaselessly changes and should be refreshed, yet most states educational plan appropriation runs in five-year cycles. Toward the finish of every five-year cycle, the educational program is absolutely obsolete and truly exhausted. Absence of Student Motivation Numerous understudies essentially couldn't care less about going to class or investing the exertion important to keep up their evaluations. It is amazingly disappointing to have a pool of understudies who are just there in light of the fact that they must be. An unmotivated understudy may at first be on grade level, yet she will fall behind just to wake up one day and acknowledge it is past the point where it is possible to make up for lost time. An instructor or manager can indeed do a limited amount of a lot to persuade an understudy: Ultimately, it is up to the understudy with respect to whether she chooses to change. Sadly, there are numerous understudies in schools broadly with gigantic potential who decide not to satisfy that norm. Over Mandating Government and state orders are taking their costs on school areas the nation over. There are such huge numbers of new prerequisites every year that schools don't have the opportunity or assets to actualize and keep up them all effectively. The vast majority of the orders are passed with well meaning goals, however the dispersing of these orders places schools stuck a spot. They are regularly underfunded or unfunded and require a great deal of additional time that could be spent in other basic areas. Schools need more time and assets to satisfy a large number of these new commands. Helpless Attendance Understudies cannot learn in the event that they arent at school. Missing only 10 days of school every year from kindergarten to twelfth grade signifies missing very nearly a whole school year when they graduate. A few understudies can defeat helpless participation, however numerous who have an incessant participation issue fall behind and remain behind. Schools must consider understudies and guardians responsible for reliable inordinate unlucky deficiencies and ought to have a strong participation strategy set up that explicitly addresses over the top nonappearances. Educators can't carry out their responsibilities if understudies are not required to appear each day. Poor Parental Support Guardians are regularly the most persuasive individuals in each part of a child’s life. This is particularly obvious with regards to instruction. Normally, if the guardians esteem instruction, their kids will be scholastically effective. Parental association is fundamental to instructive achievement. Guardians who furnish their youngsters with a strong establishment before school starts and remain included all through the school year will receive the rewards as their kids become fruitful. On the other hand, guardians who are insignificantly associated with their child’s instruction have a noteworthy negative effect. This can be amazingly baffling for educators and makes for aâ continuous daunting task. Commonly, these understudies are behind when they start school because of an absence of introduction, and it is incredibly hard for them to get up to speed. These guardians trust it is the school’s occupation to teach and not theirs when in fact there should be a double association for the youngster to be fruitful Destitution Destitution significantly affects understudy learning. There has been a lot of examination to help this reason. Understudies living in well-off, accomplished homes and networks are unquestionably more scholastically effective, while those living in destitution are regularly behind scholastically. Neediness is a troublesome deterrent to survive. It follows a great many ages and turns into the acknowledged standard, which makes it practically difficult to break. Despite the fact that training is a huge piece of breaking the hold of destitution, a large portion of these understudies are so a long ways behind scholastically that they will never get that chance. Move in Instructional Focus At the point when schools fall flat, overseers and educators quite often take the brunt of the fault. This is to some degree reasonable, however the duty of teaching ought not fall exclusively on the school. This conceded move in instructive obligation is probably the best explanation behind an apparent decrease in government funded schools over the United States. Educators are doing a far predominant activity of teaching their understudies today than they ever have been. In any case, the time spent showing the rudiments of perusing, composing, and math has been fundamentally diminished because of expanded requests and obligations to show numerous things that used to be instructed at home. Whenever you include new instructional necessities you remove time spent on something different. The time spent in school has once in a while expanded, yet the weight has tumbled to schools to include courses, for example, sex training and individual money related proficiency into their every day plan without an expansion so as to do as such. Subsequently, schools have been compelled to forfeit crucial time in the center subjects to guarantee that their understudies are being presented to these other fundamental abilities.

Decomposition Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Deterioration - Lab Report Example Supplement is meat stock in addition to yeast. Beech (fagus): - has a place with the family fagaceae. Leaves are totally or inadequately toothed, 5 - 15 cms in length and 4-10 cm wide. Pace of deterioration is quicker because of low lignin content, which is a rot safe. Rot of leaves can be evaluated by the change in 1. Their mass 2. Quality (which is determined as proportion of C: N of rotted dry material. 3. Their concoction content. 4. Changes in soil or water, which go about as medium. 5. Straight wave condition Wt = Wo - Kt where Wt = mass saw after explicit timespan, Wo = introductory weight, K = rot steady. PAGE 2PREDICTION Pace of disintegration will increment with increment in temperature and will be insignificant at extremely high and exceptionally low temperatures. METHODAgar jam and scaled down petri dishes were utilized. The agar had no feed in it. It was just utilized as a Base to keep the leaf hovers set up. The leaf circles would go about as nourishment for the organisms to Develop on. To test various temperatures 5C, 20C, 30C and 65C were utilized. In each dish 10 leafcircles were put . Each leaf circle had a breadth of 5mm. To ensure that thisexperiment was protected, the top was cello taped and wasn't opened till the test was finished .The leaf circles were then seen during a 4-week time span. Any adjustment in size of the leafMaterial could be measured.Graph paper was put behind each petri dish when measuring....an ideal temperature for microbial movement is between 35 to 45 degree C. Agar: - it is a phycocolloid separated from red purple marine green growth, which have a place with class rhodophyceae. Agar is a gel at room temperature and stays firm at as high as 65 degree C. Supplement agar will become the biggest number of various sorts of microorganisms parasites and microbes. Supplement is meat stock in addition to yeast. Beech (fagus): - has a place with the family fagaceae. Leaves are altogether or meagerly toothed, 5 - 15 cms in length and 4-10 cm expansive. Pace of deterioration is quicker because of low lignin content, which is a rot safe. In view of the outcomes above it tends to be said that disintegration at outrageous high and extraordinary low temperatures is zero and the rot procedure increments with increment in temperature as portrayed in the temperature versus mean distance across diagram. There is negligible or no microbial action at extraordinary temperatures. There fore the procedure of rot is delayed at such temperatures. Rotting process will in general be quicker at hotter temperatures as it encourages microbial development consequently as the temperature expands the decayi9ng procedure additionally increments. 7. NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS: Adequate quantities of perceptions were not made. Rather than expanding the quantity of dishes to 10, less number of dishes ought to have been utilized and perceptions made at increasingly visit temperatures so ideal temperature could be determined, 8.

Financial Analysis Essay Example For Students

Money related Analysis Essay money related examination By: andreas ioannides E-mail: TABLE OF CONTENTS. Presentation. Strategy. Discoveries. 1.0 INVESTMENT RATIOS MEASURES OF EFFICIENCY. 1.1 Earningsper Share. 1.2 P/E Ratio or Price/Earnings Ratio 1.3 Dividend Yield. 1.4Dividend Cover. 2.0 PRIMARY OPERATING RATIOS MEASURES OFEFFICIENCY. 2.1 Return on Capital Employed 2.2 Debtors Turnover Ratio2.3 Creditors Turnover Ratio 2.4 Return on Shareholders Fund 3.0PRIMARY FINANCIAL RATIOS GEARING AND LIQUITY. 3.1Gearing Ratio 3.2 Liquidity Ratio 3.2.1 Current Ratio 3.2.2 Quick or Acid Ratio4.0 CASH FLOW CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS APPENDICESBIBLIOGRAPHY REFERENCES INTRODUCTION It can be suggestedthat bookkeeping comprises of recognizing, estimating and imparting businessinformation to encourage decisions and dynamic for the further future. This particular report is pointed at explore National Grid Group Plcs reportand accounts so as to choose whether somebody ought to put or not in thiscompany. Somebody, who can investigate this organization, must have its AnnualReport for at any rate two years, which will support the individual, since it containsbasic parts like the Profit and Loss Account, the Balance Sheet, theCash Flow Statement and the Directors Report. System In request toguide you to comprehend about this particular organization, I have utilized the AnnualReview by following a few stages: 1) To sum up the size, the structure andthe benefit of the organization I have first check the monetary record and the profitand misfortune accounts. 2) I have perused cautiously the chairmans proclamation andthe executives report, which helped me to see better things about thecompany. 3) I have additionally determined the patterns and proportions. The performancedata, P;L A/C, Balance Sheet, Ratios and Trends were get from the following sources: Annual Review of National Grid Group of 1997-98. Articles from Financial Times paper. Books identified with the subject. Discoveries. 1.0 INVESTMENT RATIOS MEASURES OF EFFICIENCY. Speculation proportions are the proportions utilized by the financial specialists when choosing whether ashare ought to be purchased, sold or held. 1.1 Earnings per Share. Income pershare (EPS) show the measure of benefit after expense, premium and preferenceshares earned for every standard offer. It is likewise progressively dependable for comparingthe execution of any organization since it can not be influenced by the policyof the executives. Benefit after duty + intrigue EPS = No. Of Ordinary offers Theearnings per portion of National Grid Group, barring the outstanding profitrelating to Energis, were 19.8 pence, contrasted and 24.3 pence in 1996/97. This decrease came about because of lower transmission benefits following theimplementation of the new value control. 1.2 Price Earnings Ratio. The PriceEarnings Ratio (PE proportion) is a proportion of market trust in the portions of acompany. Additionally the PER assume a noteworthy job not just in the organization itself,but on the business wherein it works and, obviously, fair and square of the stockmarket, which will in general ascent more than announced benefits when the business cycleswings up and to fall more than benefits in a downturn. Numerically, the ratiomeasures the quantity of years it would take to reimburse the offers current valuein income. It tends to be characterize this way: Market cost per share Price EarningsRatio = Earnings per share At 31 March 1998, NGGs share cost was 353pence contrasted and 209 pence toward the beginning of the year, an expansion of 68 percent. The offers exchanged during the year inside the range 206 pence to 353pence. The market capitali sation of the Company at year-end was $5.2 billion. (The National Grid Group plc Annual Review 1997-98) 1.3 Dividend Yield. Profit Yield costs profits as an extent of the market estimation of totalshares. They are additionally founded on net profits per share, that is, on thedividends really paid in addition to the related duty credit. It very well may be characterized like this:Dividend per share Dividend Yield = x 100 Market esteem for every offer On the 25thof November 1997, NGG declared that it was finding a way to improve thefinancial effectiveness of the Group by returning abundance money to investors byway of an exceptional profit of 44.7 pence net per standard offer. The specialdividend, which spoke to around 15 percent of the Groups marketcapitalisation at the end of business on the 24th of November 1997, amountedto 786.6 million and was paid on the seventeenth of February of1998. On fifth ofFebruary 1998, the investors endorsed an offer combination to reflect thisreturn of worth. As a result, 1,718 billion new common portions of 11pence each, a decrease of 15 percent in the absolute number of cu stomary offers inissue. 1.4 Dividend Cover. Profit Cover contrasts net benefit and dividendsto show how often over the profits could be paid and how safe thisannual yield is. With different words, the profit spread shows how frequently adividend secured by income after assessment benefit. Income per share DividendCover = Net profit per share The recommenced last isolated of 7.24 pencenet per common offer, with the between time profit of 4,83 pence net paid on 17thof February 1998, brings the absolute customary profit for the year to 12.07 pencenet per normal offer. This speaks to an expansion of 8.4 percent over1996/97. Profit spread, barring the outstanding benefit identifying with Energiswas 1.6 occasions. 2.0 PRIMARY OPERATING RATIOS MEASURES OFEFFICIENCY. 2.1 Return on Capital Employed (ROCE). The ROCE is afundamental proportion of the benefit of an organization. The proportion is a popularindicator of the executives effectiveness since it differentiates the net benefit d by the company with the all out estimation of fixed and current resources, which are presumedto be under administration control. Accordingly, the ROCE exhibits how wellthe the executives has used all out resources. It tends to be contended that ROCE is themost significant proportion of the benefit of a particular organization. The French New Wave EssayTherefore, a proportion of the organizations capacity to take care of present moment obligationswithout depending on the offer of inventories is significant. 368 100 (million)The Ratio of 1997 was: = 0.257:1 973.7 (million) 384 84 (million) Theratio for 1998 is: = 0.271:1 1105.3(million) 4.0 CASH FLOW The statementof Cash Flow is intended to show how the organizations tasks have influenced itscash position by looking at the speculation (employments of money) and financingdecisions (wellsprings of money) of the firm. The data contained in thestatement of incomes can help answer such inquiries just like: the firmgenerating the money expected to buy extra fixed resources for development? Isgrowth so quick that outer financing is required both to keep up operationsand for interest in new fixed resources? Does the firm have overabundance money flowsthat can be utilized to reimburse obligation or to put resources into new items? This data isuseful both for budgetar y directors and financial specialists, so the announcement of sources of income is a significant piece of the yearly report. For National Grid Group Plc,net money inflow from proceeding with tasks tumbled from 877.3 million of every 1996/97to 615.2 million, principally because of lower working benefits. Money inflowbenefited by 203.1 million as a result of the worldwide offer and posting ofEnergies shares. Installments to the suppliers of money, as dividendsand premium, totalled 997.6 million, contrasted and 269.8 million out of 1996/97: ofthis, 768.6 million identified with the exceptional profit. Net acquisition of tangiblefixed resources ingested money of 286.4 million, contrasted with 279.1 million in1996/97. 29.9 million was put resources into expanding the Groups enthusiasm for Citelecfrom 15 percent to 41.25 percent and15.4 million in gaining a 38.9 per centinterest in the Copperbeit Energy Corporation, Zambia. The most significantfinancing activity of the year was the issue of 460 million of 4.25 per centexchangeable bonds due 2008, the net continues of which were 448.0 million. The interchangeable bonds speak to serious medium-term financing for theGroup and the structure of the bonds manages the Group critical adaptability indeterring its more drawn out term capital structure dependent on its future prerequisites. End. I would now be able to accept that I have guided you about the NationalGrid Group Plc Company with the Annual Review. So in the event that somebody needs toinvest in this Company should initially peruse this task so as to understandsomething about this and after that to choose what to do. RECOMENTATIONS. Undoubtedly, I genuinely accept that theNational Grid Group Plc Company must mull over some factorsthat may help them so as to improve their organization as a lobby or to increasetheir benefit and limit their costs. As a matter of first importance they should discover ways inorder to build the Return on Shareholder reserves. For instance limit thecost by incorporating and implementing a Computerize new Company. In other wordsto have a reliably high pace of profit for investors value. Second theymust have a better than expected record of acquiring per share. In 1997 for theCompany it was 24.3 pence and 1998 has expanded to 26.1 pence. Nextthey must have a solid degree of held profit. So the organization mustreduced the profits to the base so as to have increasingly held earningsand no misfortunes, and afterward they will expand their investors reserves and toreduced the present and long turn liabilities. The Profit Margin of the Companyin 1998 is: (PBIT/SALES = 40%). S o this is a decent thing for the Company, butbecause they own a great deal of cash in Debts (Long Turn), they pay a ton ofinterest so it limits toward the day's end the Retained Profit. That is whythey need to build the in any event the Profit Margin. About the Cash flow,because of the diminishing pace of benefits of the year 1998, the Net Cash Inflowhas been diminished (builds the Cash Outflow) in light of the premium ofthe expanded and Dividend paid. Just as, they need to diminish the CurrentLiabilities and to expand the Current Assets. Additionally to de

The Terrifying Traits Keeping Harry Potter from Being a Positive Influence in a Childrens Curriculum - Literature Essay Samples

J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone — later retitled Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone for the book’s release in the United States — was first published in 1997. Beloved by young readers worldwide, the novel recounts the exploits of the titular Harry Potter, an orphan who discovers he is a wizard when he is accepted into Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. As he takes in this new world, it becomes clear that not every all its inhabitants are as welcoming as they seem; for there are dark forces seeking to destroy Harry and the balance of the wizarding world in the process. Rowling’s book focuses on the theme of good’s triumph over evil. However, because it excuses rule-breaking and presents a biased perspective on â€Å"evil characters,† Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone should not be included in the school board curriculum. Be it federal laws or classroom regulations, an important lesson for children to learn is that the rules apply to everyone equally. Unfortunately, this lesson is not applied in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone as it partakes in a number of double standards, exempting the main characters from consequence when they break the rules. For example, Draco Malfoy points out that â€Å"first years aren’t allowed [broomsticks]† (131) when he discovers Harry’s new Nimbus Two Thousand. However, not only does Professor Flitwick ignore Draco as he tries to report Harry, the broom is actually a gift from Professor McGonagall after she sees Harry disobey the instruction to stay on the ground during the flying lesson. She even acknowledges that it is against the rules but allows it anyway, explaining in a note that arrived with the broomstick: â€Å"DO NOT OPEN THE PARCEL AT THE TABLE. It contains your new Nimbus Two Thousand, but I dont want everybody knowing you ve got a broomstick or theyll all want one† (131). Similar scenes of the main character not being punished, or even being rewarded for major infractions can be found throughout the novel, however when a side character or even an antagonist breaks the rules, they are swiftly punished without second thought. The reader sees this exact scenario unfold when Draco once again attempts to report Harry, this time to McGonagall: â€Å"Detention! And twenty points from Slytherin! Wandering around in the middle of the night, how dare you† (192). Unlike with Harry, McGonagall is unwilling to make an exception. She will not even entertain the notion that Draco may have a legitimate reason for breaking the curfew. When Draco tries to explain the situation, McGonagall refuses to listen, saying, â€Å"What utter rubbish! How dare you tell such lies† (192)! Her reaction is completely justified as she is an authority that must uphold certain values in the environment she looks aft er, but there can be no exceptions. If Harry can defy the rules for a good reason, then so to should Draco be afforded the same liberty when he has a similarly valid reason, yet this is not the case. Harry Potter’s explicit use of double standard in regard to rule breaking conveys the dangerous message that rules do not apply to everyone equally. This message, if taught to young children, can be toxic and is one of the reasons why Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone should not be included in the school board curriculum. In many respects, Harry Potter’s main theme is the triumph of good over evil. However, the way in which novel portrays evil is extremely conducive to bigoted thinking, specifically in the way it portrays the Slytherin house and the characters associated with it. One of the first things said about Slytherin comes when Harry asks Hagrid about the houses, and Hagrid explains, Theres not a single witch or wizard who went bad who wasnt in Slytherin (62). Hagrid does not acknowledge in his statement that not all Slytherins grow to be evil. He ignores facts to justify his prejudice. A young reader can easily adopt an exclusionary mindset from this attitude. One can see this exact effect take hold of Harry at the sorting ceremony: â€Å"Perhaps it was Harrys imagination, after all hed heard about Slytherin, but he thought they looked like an unpleasant lot† (95). Overcoming prejudices is hard even for adults who know the harm bigotry can cause, so modern education tries to enco urage a more accepting mindset in children. People know not to assume things about others simply because they have certain traits, but one cannot read Harry Potter, with its open, unchallenged hatred of a group, and say it champions this understanding, or that it encourages overcoming ignorance. For this reason, it is plain to see that this novel would be a detriment to the goal of the education system, and should therefore not be included in the school curriculum. Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone should not be included in the school board curriculum because it presents no consequences for rule breaking and encourages a bigoted mindset. The book is extremely well-written; it is a beautifully crafted world that comes from a place of innocence and wonder. No one could claim that J. K. Rowling set out to write a corrupting influence. However, the attitudes presented in this novel can be damaging if adopted by children — one cannot exempt themselves from the rules, nor can they go about their lives deciding that a person is good or evil because of what they are, rather than who. If the purpose of school is to teach children to be a part of society, then this novel is counterproductive to intention.

The As A Vegetarian Based Or Vegan Diet ( Watters )

Vegetarianism has existed for many centuries, but perhaps the most well known vegetarian was Pythagoras. Pythagoras was a philosopher whom educated much of the world on his ideas in life, one at the time being the abstinence of meat. Pythagoras, along with many of his followers, believed that the consumption of meat could affect the longevity of one’s life. Though not everyone believed in Pythagoras’ opinions, he still had a loyal group of followers. Pythagoras was so widely associated with a meat free diet that the terms vegetarian was not even in use until 1847, when the term â€Å"pythagorean† was changed to â€Å"vegetarian† (Avey). Today, there are 16 million people in America who follow a vegetarian-based or vegan diet (Watters). There is a common misconception that the choice to become a vegetarian is based only on a person’s love for animals, but there are many other benefits to being a vegetarian. Pythagoras and his followers gave ma ny of the same arguments that people who abstain from meat today support; for example, Pythagoras had the belief that there was a majority of added health benefits from a meatless diet (Avey). Vegetarianism can decrease the risk of cancer along with other health concerns, can solve problems the world presently faces,—such as world hunger and animal cruelty— and can have positive effects on the environment—such as pollution reduction and overgrazing reduction. People need to adopt a vegetarian lifestyle because it will improve publicShow MoreRelatedDominos Marketing Plan4675 Words   |  19 Pagesis a mature and highly competitive market, while the organic/natural and vegetarian market is one that is seldom addressed, yet consumers are increasingly showing their interests in such foods. Domino’s Pizza has the opportunity to be an innovator in this groundbreaking field, and by only seeing a slight increase in costs of sales and advertisement, creating an d releasing menu items that are organic/natural based or vegetarian will help Domino’s dominate the competition, while gaining three new market

Being Thin, And Reading The Articles On Eating Disorders

After viewing the video â€Å"Dying to be Thin† and reading the articles on eating disorders, I felt as though my knowledge was broadened on this topic. Because I plan to work with adolescents, this awareness is crucial to my future career. Some of the statistics that the video shared were alarming; 8 million people suffer from eating disorders, with majority being women. The video shared that 80% of women are unhappy or not satisfied with their body. Eating disorders also hold the highest death rate of any psychiatric illness, with anorexia nervosa being the deadliest. The video also gave me insight as to what professional athletes and dancers experience, as well as valuable feedback from survivors. When thinking about the causes of eating disorders, I used to think about the media and the emphasis put on being thin. Although that can play a role in the cause for some people, many times there is a deeper rooted cause. This video allowed me to hear the perspectives from the po int of view of someone who experienced a severe eating disorder. In the case of a dancer, many times they are told at a very young age that they need to lose weight. They were expected to look a certain way and put a high priority on maintaining a weight that many times, is 15% below the normal weight for their height. Not only is this physically damaging, but it is psychologically damaging as well. Girls begin to think that they are not good enough or that skinny is better and starvation is the price ofShow MoreRelatedSports Media And Body Image1235 Words   |  5 PagesJournal Article Mini-Paper Article 1: Sports Media and Body Image Tia DeHaan The article Must See TV or ESPN: Entertainment and Sports Media Exposure and Body-Image Distortion in College Women by Kimberly L. Bissell and Peiqin Zhou examines how media promotes an idealization of thinness in college-age women. 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Delis noticed this massage everywhere, especially in the media, â€Å"I am so affected by Glamour magazine and Vogue and all that; I’m looking at all these beautiful women. They’re thin. I want to be just as beautiful. I want to be just as thin. Because that is what guys like† (Hesse-BiberRead MorePeople Diagnosed With Anorexia Nervosa1136 Words   |  5 PagesAfter reading the two studies by Serpell from 1999 and 2002, as well as watching the movie Dying to be Thin, I have several opinions about the people diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN). In addition, I understand where certain types of therapy and practices could be introduced to help change the thought process of these individuals. 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As a female, I’ve always wondered if eating disorders that I have seen affect women are linked to the ideas that the media puts out for women to consume. Advertisements, television shows and magazines are all categorized as media. Female college students are exposed to media on a day to day basis, and would have to live off the grid to get away from its influence. When researching for my answer I was able to find an article titled, â€Å"The Relationship BetweenRead MoreEating Disorders Are Serious Conditions Involving Extremely Unhealthy Dietary Habits1046 Words   |  5 PagesJanuary 9, 2015 Eating Disorders in Adolescents Eating disorders are serious conditions involving extremely unhealthy dietary habits. The two most common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. In the past few decades, eating disorders have become more and more prevalent in western countries. A lot of people suffered from the diseases, for example, famous Princess Diana has struggled with bulimia for many years. It should be kept in mind that eating disorders occur not only inRead MoreThe Media s Impact On Self Image762 Words   |  4 Pages Watching â€Å"Dying to be Thin† further solidified a slowly growing understanding of the media’s impact on self-image and its ability to steal a person’s life in a 30-second advertisement. As explained in the video, eating disorders have the highest death rate of any psychiatric illness. The onset of this illness seems to stem from a desire to achieve the unattainable and the subsequent desperation that ensues. â€Å"Dying to be Thin† properl y explained the role of the media in saturating society withRead MoreShould Social Media Be The Increase Of Eating Disorders?1592 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor Morrow English 2010 12 December 2016 Could Social media be the cause for the increase of Eating Disorders? In today’s world, the idea of the perfect body is displayed on an endless list of websites and on a variety of social media. The world is addicted to accessing social media every day and as a result we have been brainwashed into how a woman should look. When you consider those with eating disorders that are afraid to eat because they are concerned of becoming overweight. it is difficult

Describe the influences of two predictable and unpredictable life events on the development of an individual free essay sample

In a person’s life many factors could effect could influence people negatively and positively. Parenthood is predictable because the majority of people in the world are able to conceive and bring new life into the world. If two people are in a committed relationship, then this is normally the next step they take if not marriage. In most peoples life this is something to celebrate and be happy about. Having a child normally makes people feel like they’ve accomplished something or feel complete especially for women, so emotionally parents develop positively because they create a bond with their child, and naturally take up responsibilities such as feeding clothing and caring for their child. Physically, it could make the main carer of the child(s) start to age because of lack of rest especially in the early stages when the child is dependant. It can become very tiring if the responsibilities aren’t shared between the parents. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe the influences of two predictable and unpredictable life events on the development of an individual or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On a positive note, you develop a daily routine and it helps your health. Intellectually, as the child grows and starts attending school, they may come home and tell their parents about what they’ve learnt in their day, this could help certain adults develop intellectually. Parents such as teen mothers who may have left school early could be learning things with their child. Also it could affect parents intellectually because it could motivate people to do things such as lose weight if they are obese or even make a parent go back to school to pursue or take their education further. Socially, parenthood has a negative effect on people’s life, because this means parents are unable to socialise with friends and prevents parents from going out to meet new friends. Although, there are groups that parents can go to, to socialise with other parents. Through this they develop new friends and could even learn new skills or techniques. Although some people can’t cope with these responsibilities and become stressed, this may lead to unpredictable things such as becoming redundant.

The Spider and the Fly Essay Example

The Spider and the Fly Paper In the famous poem The Spider and the Fly written in 1829, Mary Howitt writes of a spider who cunningly persuades a fly to visit his parlor through flattery and carefully chosen words. The fly at first resists, but eventually falls prey to vanity, and, when the spider has disappeared, flutters Into the parlor, only to be pounced upon and devoured for dinner. On the literal level, the spider uses meiosis to tranquilize the flys fears of the web, and all its implications (flrst and foremost: inevitable doom). By simply referring to it as a parlour the spider is able to negate all the negative onnotations of a spiders web, and the actual ramifications of entering such a web: death. A web is where a spider kills and feasts upon its prey, but through meiosis the spider replaces web with parlour, which simply is a place while people drink- thereby not specifying who will be drinking (the spider) and what hell be drinking (the spiders blood). Understanding the cultural and historical context is the single most important factor in determining the underlying meaning of this poem. Critical analysis Seths poem Is In the form of a story narrative; a parable that seeks to teach as It peaks. The frog Is an unmusical fellow, who nevertheless sings through the night causing his neighbours a lot of discomfort. He refuses to be cowed by any form of restraint and remains the neighbourhood bully. When the nightingale astounds everybody with her beautiful voice, ther frog found himself jealous and upset with her presence and he set about systematically eliminating his rival through a sinister plot. Her realises that she has no notion of her abilities. He makes use of that. He makes her believe that he is a maestro and a music critic. He keeps putting her abilities down. He drives her relentlessly and makes money off her as her tutor as well as from people who wish to listen to her. Soon she breaks down and dies and the frog rules the roost again. The bog once again echoes with the unmusical croaks of the frog. The Spider and the Fly is a poem by Mary Howitt (1799-1888), published In 1829. The first line of the poem is Will you walk Into my parlor? said the Spider to the Fly. We will write a custom essay sample on The Spider and the Fly specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Spider and the Fly specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Spider and the Fly specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The story tells of a cunning Spider who ensnares a naive Fly through the use of seduction and flattery. The poem is a cautionary tale against those who use flattery and charm as a front for potential evil. the poem concerns a very eloquent spider trying to entire a beautiful fly into his manor. The artwork is very detailed and in a simple black and white scheme. The poem itself is very straightforward and the rhyming pattern is very catchy which. The conflict is between the Spider and the Fly but has a deeper understanding and moral to that. The moral of the tale is that not everyone who flatters and acts friendly really is. Sometimes the very worst things in ife lurk beneath pretty, flowery words. The spiders cunningness stands contrasted with the Innocence of the fly, but the spider succeeds only because the fly Is prone to flattery and Is gullible. Assay By shbhmasthana In the famous poem The Spider and the Fly written in 1829, Mary Howitt writes of a spider has disappeared, flutters into the parlor, only to be pounced upon and flys fears of the web, and all its implications (first and foremost: inevitable doom). By not specifying who will be drinking (the spider) and what hell be drinking (the Seths poem is in the form of a story narrative; a parable that seeks to teach as it speaks. The frog is an unmusical fellow, who nevertheless sings through the night everybody with her beautiful voice, ther frog found himself Jealous and upset with of the frog. The Spider and the Fly is a poem by Mary Howitt (1799-1888), published in 1829. The first line of the poem is Will you walk into my parlor? said the Spider to with the innocence of the fly, but the spider succeeds only because the fly is prone to flattery and is gullible.

Latitude and Type Your Response Essays

Latitude and Type Your Response Essays Latitude and Type Your Response Essay Latitude and Type Your Response Essay The Lesson Activities will help you meet these educational goals: Science Inquiry- You will conduct online research, collect information, and communicate your findings in written form. STEM- You will apply scientific tools and knowledge to solve real-world problems in order to grow in your understanding of science as a creative human activity. 21st Century Skills- You will employ online tools for research and analysis, use critical thinking and problem-solving skills, and communicate effectively in order to solve real-world problems. ________________________________________________________________________________ Directions Write a response for each of the following activities. When you have finished, submit your work to your teacher. Check the rubric at the end of this document to make sure your work is meeting the expected criteria. Task 1: Geocaching In adventure books and movies, the hero sometimes has to follow a map to find a buried treasure. Today, a new sort of adventure sport has become popular in which people use technology to â€Å"find† treasures. Geocaching involves global positioning satellites, maps, and participants’ sense of adventure to locate specific geographic spots. These could be situated in a local area and tracked down in â€Å"real time† or located anywhere on Earth and identified virtually. As you know, every point on Earth can be identified by latitude and longitude. In this lesson, you studied how to read points on a map in degrees, minutes, and seconds of latitude and longitude. For example, the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington, is located at approximately 47 ° 37 14 N, 122 ° 20 57 W. Use your map reading, Internet searching, and reasoning skills to find the following locations and answer the three questions for each. You may need to emember that one person’s treasure may be another person’s trash! a. 25 ° 20 42 S 131 ° 2 E 1. What is the place? Type your response here: 2. What mineral is this object made of? Type your response here: 3. What does it look like? Insert a photogaph here: b. 27 ° 10 30 N 78 ° 2 32 E 1. What is the place? Type your response here: 2. Why was this object built? Type your resp onse here: 3. What does it look like? Insert a photograph here: c. 37 ° 52 55 N 85 ° 57 43 W 1. What is the place? Type your response here: 2. What would you find stored at this location? Type your response here: 3. What does it look like? Insert a photograph here: d. 55 ° 45 9 N 37 ° 37 23 E 1. What is the place? Type your response here: 2. What is the name of the main church found here? Type your response here: 3. What does it look like? Insert a photograph here: e. 51 ° 30 14 N 0 ° 7 9 W 1. What is the place? Type your response here: 2. This area was burned in the Great Fire. What year did the Great Fire occur, and what was the purpose of the main building where the fire started? Type your response here: 3. What does this location look like? Insert a photograph here: f. 78 ° 55 50 N 11 ° 49 59 E 1. What is the place? Type your response here: 2. What is most noteworthy about the location of this settlement? Type your response here: 3. What does the place look like? Insert a photograph here: g. 13 ° 9 46 S 72 ° 32 17 W 1. What is the place? Type your response here: 2. Who is usually credited with the discovery of this place? Type your response here: 3. What does it look like? Insert a photograph here: h. 15 ° 50 11 S 69 ° 20 19 W 1. What is the place? Type your response here: 2. What marks this place as unique? Type your response here: 3. What does it look like? Insert a photograph here: . 44 ° 51 15 N 93 ° 14? 32 W 1. What is the place? Type your response here: 2. What was located here before the current landmark? Type your response here: 3. What does the spot look like? Insert a photograph here: j. 36 ° 06 00 N 112 ° 06 00 W 1. What is the place? Type your response here: 2. How was this place formed? Type your response here: 3. What does this spot look like? Ins ert a photograph here: Task 2: Make Your Own Geocaching Activity Now create your own geocaching treasure hunt. Think of 10 interesting spots in the world and provide their latitudes and longitudes. Ask a focused question about each place that would require the virtual explorer to conduct research to come up with an answer. Provide the answer as well! Type your responses here: 1. Latitude and longitude: Name of location: Question (with answer) about location: 2. Latitude and longitude: Name of location: Question (with answer) about location: 3. Latitude and longitude: Name of location: Question (with answer) about location: 4. Latitude and longitude: Name of location: Question (with answer) about location: 5. Latitude and longitude: Name of location: Question (with answer) about location: 6. Latitude and longitude: Name of location: Question (with answer) about location: 7. Latitude and longitude: Name of location: Question (with answer) about location: 8. Latitude and longitude: Name of location: Question (with answer) about location: 9. Latitude and longitude: Name of location: Question (with answer) about location: 10. Latitude and longitude: Name of location: Question (with answer) about location: Rubrics This project will be evaluated on a rubric that is based on the completeness, clarity, and thinking you exhibit in the Directions and Analysis section above. Points possible: Geocaching: 30 Make Your Own Geocaching Activity: 30 |Geocaching | |30 points | |locations correctly identified, or very close proximity (1 point each – 10 | |total) | |question about location correctly answered | |(1 point each – 10 total) | |correct graphic included (1 point each – 10 total)

Describe the roles of amino acid R-groups to the transmembrane Essay

Describe the roles of amino acid R-groups to the transmembrane channels that allow passage of molecules and ions across lipid bilayers - Essay Example On the other hand, the hydrophilic amino acids are usually established on the outside of proteins and in the lively cores of enzymatically lively proteins. This means that the natural world of some amino acid R-groups permits enzyme reactions to take place. The imidazole ring of histidine permits it to function as either a proton contributor or acceptor at physiological PH. Therefore, it is mostly discovered in the hasty heart of enzymes. Hemoglobin is the best example of membrane channel that plays a vital role in movement of molecules and ions. The aptitude of histidines in hemoglobin is responsible for cushioning the H+ ions ionization of carbonic acid in red blood cells (Berg, Tymoczko and Stryer 55). This is the main factor of hemoglobin that that permits it to swap over O2 and CO2 at the tissues or lungs respectively. The most influential alcohol of serine and threonine in addition to the thiol (-SH) of cysteine, permit these amino acids to take action as nucleophiles throughou t enzymatic catalysis. Moreover, the cysteine thiol is capable of developing a disulfide union with other cysteines: From the chain above, the easy disulfide is recognized as cystine. The development of disulfide unions between cysteines available within proteins is significant to the development of lively structural spheres of influence in a huge number of proteins (Berg, Tymoczko and Stryer 60). The process of disfulfied union between cysteines of distinct polypeptide chains of oligomeric proteins performs a significant function in commanding the structure of complicated proteins such as the insulin receptor. All the above mentioned processes takes place in membranes and the fact that certain little molecules go through easily while others find it hard to go through makes the membranes of the R groups to be considered selectively permeable (Berg, Tymoczko and Stryer 67). This is because when several sugars of equal molecular size are available both

Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 1

Research Proposal - Essay Example There are various rationales for why a prison inmate harms the self, ranging from psychological disturbances to even attempts to manipulate the prison officers to elicit change to their incarceration circumstances. Self-harm is a phenomenon that occurs with both male and female prisoners, thus it is not a gender-specific problem within the prison system. Statistics indicate that female prisoners, in 2003, represented only six percent of the total prisoners incarcerated in the entire UK prison system, but female self-harm constituted 46 percent of all national reports of self-harm in the country (Borrill, Snow, Medlicott, Teers and Paton 2005). Self-harm in prisons is costly to the prison system, taxpayers, and the health care system for those that require psychological counselling and, oftentimes, recurring medical treatment for this activity. The severity of the problem justifies conducting a research study to analyse the catalysts of self-harm, especially with female inmates that represent nearly half of all national reports of self-harm. Prison officers and medical practitioners have multitudes of responsibility for ensuring prisoner safety, ensuring the integrity of the prison system, and providing health care services to a broader population. Self-harm recurrences and its prevalence in the UK add significant burdens to the health care system and for prison officers that must develop documentation of these events and provide supplementary mental health services to recognised problem prisoners. Examine socio-historical instances of negative lifestyle scenarios that might exist in female prisoners, including, but not limited to, previous childhood or spousal abuse, mental health conditions, or stunted cognitive/developmental growth during various phases of child and adolescent development. The broader purpose of the study is to identify and categorise, statistically, the most frequent and common catalysts of

Explore the representation Essay Example for Free

Explore the representation Essay The stereotypical view of evil is shown through dark colours and beings such as the devil, these contrasts with murders and killings as shown in Jekyll and Hyde. In Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde the views on good and evil are shown through characters appearances, their behaviour, the modern standard of living and suppression; there are communicated by gothic horror. Throughout the story, there are references to light and dark which metaphorically relates to good vs. evil, not only between characters, but in the conflicting sides of the same character. At the setting of the play (Victorian era) Science had just been introduced into the Victorian era and was treated as unexplainable circumstances as little was known behind the theory of experiments. This caused for mystery in the Victorian era, thus making Jekyll and Hyde a more horrific and frightening novel. Stevenson had an obsession with the darker side of life and he relates to the character of Hyde by being a respectable man during the day but losing to his obsessions at night. Stevenson, can relate to his novel as he lived in Edinburgh, though in the more affluent area. The setting of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is London but it was based on Edinburgh with the contrast of two sides of poor and rich. In this essay, I will explore how evil is represented in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde in the Victorian era. At this time, crime was extremely high in the poorer areas which lead people, in desperation to make a living, to involve themselves in crimes (murder, rape, prostitution ). The Victorian era was host to many notorious murders such as Jack the Ripper, who, as seen stereotypically was never identified. The murder knew his way around the human body showing a sign of education thus having as he appeared to have a great anatomical knowledge, hence making him a respectable man by day and a butcher by night. This may have greatly influenced Stevenson, with the magnificent degree of mystery surrounding the case, it may have given rise to thoughts on how to a great, mysterious villain may operate, fuelling Stevensons imagination. Dr. Jekyll was an intelligent man with scientific knowledge, but his reflection; Mr. Hyde was a violent crook. Smog was extremely thick London due to the highly populated industrial farms, causing for the environment to be covered. This made for it be close to impossible to see in distances, so villains could use this as an aid for means of escape. These city conditions were the perfect environment for elaborating deaths, murder and mystery to show pure evil. At the beginning we see Mr. Enfield witness the incident of the little girl, and he describes the magnitude of the smog. There was an incredibly strict code of conduct in the Victorian times, with many natural desires being repressed. The seven deadly sins are a perfect example of some of the things that were repressed. These are lust, gluttony, greed, pride, sloth, wrath and envy. The repression of lust was so great that table legs would have been covered at all time. Middle-class men would have been expected to conceal their secret desires, and if they wanted to express them, they would have to do so in darker parts of the city. This can explain Dr.Jekylls desire to transform himself into Hyde, as it would give him a way to release some of his desires and not be discovered doing it. When Stevenson was young, he developed a medical condition that would live with him for the rest of his life. Stevenson was raised by his nurse who extravagantly showed him the divide between good and evil. This troubled him as a young child, giving him terrifying nightmares and tormenting memories through out his life. It is suggestible that the idea of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde came from one of these night mares. With all these troubled thoughts on the topic of good and evil, Stevenson may have developed many different superstitious views of what good and evil were, and therefore written about them in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. The Victorian era was a revolutionary time; religion was on the decline and scientific and medical discoveries were growing like never before. This influenced writers such as Mary Shelley. She was the author of Frankenstein; a science fiction horror about a revolutionary experiment that goes wrong. This concept mad scientists getting in deeper than they could handle is one of the main themes in the book. As very few people knew what was possible with this new found phenomenon it would appear as though anything was possible. This was important because the key to a good horror is truth and as no one knew anything about it, no one was in the position to question its reality. It is obvious that the appearances of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde are intended to make a distinction between how each character behaves. The smart image of Jekyll is easily contrastable to the primeval image of Hyde. The audience would expect Hyde to dress fairly scruffy when compared to Dr. Jekyll, however we can see him always dressed smart and in a suit, playing of the social context where we would expect eh evil Mr. Hyde to be in shabby tattered clothing Mr. Hyde is described as a short stocky man, leading us to assume him to have deformities of some sort. Mr. Utterson, Dr. Lanyon and Mr. Enfield all describe witnessing something horrifically evil in Mr.Hydes face. It is as though he emits a sense of foreboding to everyone he meets. He is often described as having the characteristics of an animal, suggesting that he has not evolved entirely into a human being. He is infamous for his horrific actions such as trampling over a little girl and for the murder of Sir Danvers Carew, despite this he still appears to hold a civilised manor whilst talking to his associates; however, he still appears to be blunt, rash and eager to avoid convocation.

Intriguing Camera Work in Zeffirelli’s Film, Hamlet Essay example -- M

Intriguing Camera Work in Zeffirelli’s Film, Hamlet The three-dimensional camera work of Zeffirelli in Hamlet emphasizes the surveillance methods and intrigues carried out by the forces of good and of evil. In the opening scene, Elsinore Castle looms over the soldiers and people standing outside. The camera angle forces one to look up at the dark castle; then the camera surveys the people, revealing that the evil from witnhin the castle is not self-contained but looms over and affects everyone in Denmark. Inside the castle during the funeral, Claudius, the man who exemplifies evil, is focused on several times by the camera. The first picture of him is from a short distance, minimizing his presence. As the funeral proceeds, however, three closeups make him appear more evil for there is no sorrow in his face, only a scheming, hawklike look as he watches every movement of Gertrude and Hamlet. The closeups also bring him from a distant observer to one that is in control, having taken the place of King by ruline over his dead brother. As the King and Queen are sitting on the throne announcing their marriage, the camera gives a distant, roaming observer view by circling the room while continually having them, especially Claudius, as the focal point. This emphasizes once again that his evil ways are spread throughout the kingdom and aren't easily contained in one person or one location. There are several times in the movie when the camera shows surveillance done by Hamlet, who represents good, of those who are opposed to him. The action of focusing on Hamlet from his vantage point also emphasizes that he's one step ahead of everyone else because of his insight, and this also helps him in his cause. For example, when ... ...ly. This will be the final test in the war between good and evil, though Hamlet doesn't have the advantage this time of knowing the depth of the plot, despite his suspicions. After the fatally wounded Laertes points the finger at the king, Claudius, who has been a silent observer to Laertes' confession, backs up, trying to distance himself from being the focal point responsible for the evil that has taken place. However, he is unsuccessful, as a raging Hamlet follows him. The closeup of Hamlet killing the king twice amplifies his triumph. After the final closeup on Hamlet lying in Horatio's arms, the camera draws back to include the whole company of people looking on what has just taken place. The viewpoint might be seen as that of heaven, emphasizing that though in the beginning evil had loomed over the kingdom, now righteousness has been restored in Denmark.

Behavioural Issues in Budgeting

To : The Chief Executive From : Management Accountant Date : 19th January, 2012 To : The Chief Executive From : Management Accountant Date : 19th January, 2012 | Behavioural issues which may limit the usefulness of budgeting:| | Management Accounting| | Behavioural issues which may limit the usefulness of budgeting:| | Management Accounting| The university of northampton By Matthew Matemba 10347139 The university of northampton By Matthew Matemba 10347139 Table of Contents 1Part A:2 1. 1Executive Summary:2 1. Background:2 1. 3Definition:2 2Purposes of Budget:2 3Budgetary Biasing Framework3 3. 1Budget Slack (Bias)4 3. 2Seat of Power:4 3. 3Budget Gaming:4 3. 4Gatekeepers:5 3. 5Beating the System:5 3. 6The Know-All:5 4Effects of Budgeting Slack (Bias):5 5Causes of Budget Slack:6 6Conclusion:6 7Part B:8 7. 1Cash Budget:8 7. 2Interpretaion of Cash Budget:9 8References:9 9Bibliography:11 10Appendices:12 Part A: Executive Summary: This report demonstrates behavioural issues which may limit the usefulness of budgeting in Langdale Ltd. Including in the report are origin, definition, purposes and types of budgeting. Prior to the above, the report shows different form of budgeting ‘padding’ causes of budgeting â€Å"slack† , researches and above all the control of aforementioned behaviours in organisations and three months cash budget for Duncan Distilleries plc. Background: According to Dugdale and Lyne, the emergence of ‘Scientific Management’ in the 1920s, standard costing and public sector budgeting was established by the development of business organisations (2010, P. xi). Quickly, this development became budgetary control with a budget designed to compare estimated planning with actual result of performance in aid to identify any variance either favourable or adverse. Keuning (1997) suggested that, budgeting is associated with higher managers assigning task to different departments. Definition: Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) in the UK defines a budget as ‘A plan expressed in money. It is prepared and approved prior to the budget period and may show income, expenditure and capital to be employed. May be drawn up showing incremental effects on former budgeted or ctual figures or be compiled by Zero-based budgeting’ (Hannagan, 2008, p. 560). There are various types of budgets namely, Zero-Based, Incremental, Rolling and Activity Based budget. Purposes of Budget: The purposes of budget are planning of annual operations, co-ordinating the activities of various parts of the organisation, communicating plans to the various responsible centre managers, motivating managers to strive to achieve the organisation goals by meeting set targets. Finally, controlling activities and evaluating the performance of managers. Undoubtedly, budget plays major part in managing organisations because norms are set to compare budgeted and actual performances financially. However, research has showed that with new ‘realities’ of global competition, rapid change and modern technology the â€Å"Beyond Budgeting† movement has criticized the traditional budgeting that, it was not meeting the advance challenges in terms of technology. Therefore, Bunce and Fraser formed the â€Å"Beyond Budgeting Round Table† in the UK in 1998 and inspired by the Swedish bank, Svenska Handelsbanken (Michael, 2007). Contrary to main purpose of budgeting individual’s actions demonstrates some behavioural issue which may limit the usefulness of budgeting and this might not different from employees of Langdale Ltd. The diagram 1 below illustrates the relationship between objectives of budgeting contrary to behavioural issues of employees. Budgetary Biasing Framework Walker (2004) Budget Slack (Bias) As illustrated above, personal goals are a behaviour which may limit the usefulness of budgeting. It is a deliberate over-estimating of expenditure and/or under-estimate of revenues when setting budget in order to achieve easy targets. These actions from managers reduce the ability of management to control variances. Research has revealed that, the inclusion of budget Slack or ‘Padding’ is common in various companies. For example, Dugdale & Lyne (2010 cited in Onsi 1973 p. 26) found that 80% of managers interviewed were preparing to admit they bargained for Slack. Though, budget slack are seen as unfortunate and dysfunctional, there are some indications that some slack can be desirable providing some flexibility to operating managers Dugdale & Lyne (2010). This is known as manipulating of figures. However, reports show that due to complex inter-relationships between the various departments degree of manipulating of budgeting is difficult. Contemporary literature has reinforced the idea that slack can be desirable as well as dysfunctional. For example, â€Å"Nohria and Gulati (1996) noted that slack could act as a buffer that was necessary for organisation adaptation Tan, J. and Peng, M. W. (2003) See Appendix B. Dugdale & Lyne (2010 cited in Van der Stede 2002 p. 6) found that slack could facilitate strategy in business units pursuing differentiation† in such circumstance ends up with surplus assets such as plant, equipment and buildings. Seat of Power: Additionally, from diagram 1 shows a power factor which is another behavioural issue which is a limitation to budgeting. This affects budgeting process when individual managers have influence over the outcome of proposed capital expenditure. Consequently, this could divert the co mpany direction which is contrary to its corporate objectives. Performance measurement therefore, should establish to encourage the aim of the company and not individual or departmental goal. (Hannagan, 2008, p. 569) Budget Gaming: Moreover, another limitation of useful budgeting is budget gaming which is an attempt by managers to practice bias in advance. A study shows managers also tend to game the budget after it has been implemented by making accounting entries to portray their operation in a light that are driven by desire to report better result. Hopwood in his study showed that such behaviour is more likely if managers are evaluated Hopwood (1972) See Appendix C. For example, cost centre managers attempted to charge items of cost to other cost centres and tended to time the expenditure in light of their effects on the short-term variance but such manipulation was available to relatively few people. Gatekeepers: These are employees in high position who delay in passing on vital information’s to heads of departments. Such personnel have authority to regulate the flow of information also in a position to determine various levels of management decisions. Beating the System: Individuals or groups may be able to beat the system and they are even proud of behaving in such a manner. For example, a company set a budget of ? 15,000 for capital equipment. Above this limit additional authority is required before any extra costs are incurred. However, the managers beating the system simply acquire a machine at a cost of ? 18,000 by ordering the capital equipment separately for instance, ? 14,000 and ? 4,000 per machine respectively. Surprisingly this behaviour happens in the real world and efficient internal control system and audit controls are called for further investigation. The Know-All: There are certain managers who think they will take decisions without consulting their subordinates not realising that, the said capital equipment will only work with certain additional equipment. In one case, although the subordinates were not consulted, yet they knew the know-all manager was buying a fixed asset; they remained silent knowing this machine might need additional parts to operate. Eventually, there was a problem and the subordinates were very pleased when things went wrong. To conclude, this highlights the importance of participation and meeting to discuss on capital investment in non-current assets. Hannagan, 2008, p. 569). Effects of Budgeting Slack (Bias): Budgeting slack creates an environment where budgeting goals are not met or exceeded. Employees therefore fail to maximise sales and minimising costs and actually rather providing incentives to overspending as managers’ fear losing money in subsequent years and above all, budget slack encourage waste. Cause s of Budget Slack: The problem of budget slacks is inevitable when the previous year’s budgeting is used as a basis for preparing the current budget as shown on diagram 1. This approach is known as ‘Incremental Budgeting’ being used by Langdale Ltd. Though, provisions are made for inflation, increased activities and easily to use and understand by managers and above all less costly to operate, incremental budgets have some draw-backs such as not considering operation priorities, not objective orientated hence leading to manipulation of budget figures and encourages â€Å"Spend it or Lose† mentality. Consequently, BPP (2005, p. 303) has recommended that, to eliminate budget slack, the alternative budget to adopt is ‘Zero-Based’ budgeting. Nevertheless, zero-based budgeting is mostly use in services companies such as Governmental organisations and non-governmental organisations. Conclusion: Debatably, Langdale Ltd being a publishing company, an alternative budgeting to improve incremental budgeting is Activity-based budgeting (ABB). ABB is contemporary approach to financial planning. It establishes the relationship between cost and activities. Resources are allocated to each activity which provides in-depth details especially regarding overheads because; ABB permits the identification of adding a value to activities and the cost drivers of such operations. It minimising the utilisation of resources by focusing on how to increase productivity. Furthermore, ABB will provide the company opportunity of focusing on why you need to undertake certain activities, how often to perform them and their relative cost. Certainly, this approach of budgeting will enhance on processing information and products of wasteful activities that may reduce and re-deploy the company’s resources for potential alternatives. Finally, in manufacturing sector being the scope of Langdale Ltd; ABB can enable the company to quantify decisions as follows: * Reduction in Set-up and machine repairs. * Facilitates detailed analysis of cost consequently, lead to avoid certain cost. Part B: Cash Budget: | | | | | Duncan Distilleries Plc. Cash Budget for July to September 2011. | | | July| August| September| | | ? ’000| ? ’000| ? ’000| Sales (50% IN 30 Days)| Note 6| 180| 180| 375| (50% in 60 Days)| | 180| 345| 345| Bank Loan| Given| | 100| 100| Total inflows| | 360| 625| 820| | | | | | Outflows:| | | | | Fixed cost| Note 1. 1| 32| 32| 32| Material| | 194| 312| 349| Variable cost| Note 2. 1| 208| 233| 235| Fixed Selling and Distribution | Note 3. 3| 3| 3| 3| Variable Selling and distribution| Note 3. 1| 14| 15| 18| Administration| Given| 18| 18| 18| | | | | | Finance Costs:| | | | | Bank interest| Note 4| -| 1| 2| Financing Costs (repayment)| | 0| 0| 0| Total Outflows| | 469| 614| 657| | | | | | Net Cashflow| | -109| 11| 163| Opening Balance| | 25| -84| -73| Closing Balance| | -84| -73| 90| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Interpretaion of Cash Budget: The cash budget alerts Duncan’s management the company run into deficit in July and August. Although, the cash inflow in September will show surplus yet the financial position of the company is not strong since the first repayment of ? 50,000 loan will be due in 1st October. As a result, management has to negotiate with their bankers to extend the repayment to November. The company could also use different method of sales such as online in order to reduce variable selling and distribution cost. Finally, since the cost of material is quiet high, management could ask for more flexible terms of payment to their suppliers in percentage terms Scarlett (2009). References: BPP Learning Media, 2007. Advance Performance Management. 1st ed. London: BPP Learning Media Ltd. BPP, 2005. Management Accounting – Performance Evaluation. 2nd ed. London: BPP Professional Education. Dugdale,D. & Lyne, S. , 2010. Budgeting Practice and Organisation structure, Oxford: s. n. Hannagan, T. , 2008. Management Concept & Practices. In: 5, ed. Management Concept & Practices. Harlow. Essex: Pearson Education Limited, p. 560. Hopwood, A. , 1972. An Empirical Study of the Role of Accounting Data in Performance Evaluation. [Online], vol. 10, pp. 156-182. Available from: http:/www. jstor. org/stable/248970 [Accessed 10 December 2011]. Keuning, D. , 1997. Management A Contemporary Approach. London: Pitman Publishing. Michael, A. , 2007. Beyound Budgeting. [Online] . Available from: www. cimaglobal. com [Accessed 10 November 2011]. Tan, J. & Peng, M. , 2003. The Role of Organizational Slack: Theory and Evidence. [Online], vol. 24, pp. 1251-1252. Available from: http://www. utdallas. edu [Accessed 10 December 2011]. Walker, J. , 2004. Home. [Online] . Available from: http://maaw. info/ArticleSummaries/ArtSumWalkerJohnson99. htm [Accessed 27 November 2011]. Walther, L. , n. d. Home. [Online]. Available from: http://www. rinciplesofaccounting. com/chapter21/chapter21. html [Accessed 26 November 2011]. Bibliography: BPP Learning Media, 2007. Advance Performance Management. 1st ed. London: BPP Learning Media Ltd. BPP, 2005. Management Accounting – Performance Evaluation. 2nd ed. London: BPP Professional Education. Dugdale , D. & Lyne, S. , 2010. Budgeting Practice and Organisation structure, Oxford: s. n. Hannagan, T. , 2008. Managem ent Concept & Practices. In: 5, ed. Management Concept & Practices. Harlow. Essex: Pearson Education Limited, p. 560. Hopwood, A. , 1972. An Empirical Study of the Role of Accounting Data in Performance Evaluation. [Online] Available from: http:/www. jstor. org/stable/248970 [Accessed 10 December 2011]. Keuning, D. , 1997. Management A Contemporary Approach. London: Pitman Publishing. MAAW, 2004. Home. [Online] Available from: http://maaw. info/ArticleSummaries/ArtSumVanderStede2000. htm [Accessed 27 November 2011]. Michael, A. , 2007. Beyound Budgeting. [Online] Available from: www. cimaglobal. com [Accessed 10 November 2011]. Scarlett, R. , 2009. Performance Operations. Oxford: Cima Publishing. Tan, J. & Peng, M. , 2003. The Role of Organizational Slack: Theory and Evidence. [Online] Available from: http://www. utdallas. edu [Accessed 10 December 2011]. Walker, J. , 2004. Home. [Online] Available from: http://maaw. info/ArticleSummaries/ArtSumWalkerJohnson99. htm [Accessed 27 November 2011]. Walther, L. , n. d. Home. [Online] Available from: http://www. principlesofaccounting. com/chapter21/chapter21. html [Accessed 26 November 2011]. Appendices: A. Calculations – Cash Budget B. Journal – The Role of Organization Slack C. Journal – An Empirical Study of the Role of Accounting Data in Performance Evaluation

Professional Development Plan LDR 531 Essay - 987 Words

Professional Development Plan Organizational Leadership/LDR 531 November 11, 2013 Professional Development Plan The goal of this essay is to develop a plan that will address the characteristics of â€Å"Learning Team D† including the team member designated as manager. If the plan is effective it can be used to determine the needs of the learning team. It can also be used a as a tool for the members to assess their skills, strengths, areas needing improvement, and the resources needed to help them reach their career goals. DISC Assessment During week one of organizational leadership all of the members of â€Å"Learning Team D† took the DISC Platinum rule; a behavioral style assessment that breaks down the individuals†¦show more content†¦Their primarily driven by personal goals set to an internal timetable that requires they accomplish bigger and better goals. The pioneer is more guarded and less direct. 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